After although > we use a subject + verb:
"Although" bulunduğu cümleye "...-dığı halde, ...-e rağmen" gibi anlam katar. "Although" nun bulunduğu kısımda cümle (özne+fiil) kullanılmalıdır.
- Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. (Yağmurun çok yağmasına rağmen, tatilimiz iyi geçti.)
- I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications. (Tüm gerekli niteliklere sahip olduğum halde, işe giremedim.)
Compare the meaning of although and because:
Aşağıdaki örneklerde although ve because 'un anlamlarını karşılaştırın.
- We went out although it was raining. (Yağmur yağmasına rağmen dışarı çıktık.)
- We didn't go out because it was raining. (Yağmur yağdığı için dışarı çıkmadık.)
After in spite of or despite, > we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing:
"In spite of" veya "despite" ifadelerinden sonra cümle kullanamayız. Bu ifadeler bir isimle veya zamirle birlikte kullanılabilirler. Ya da özne atılır ve fiile -ing takısı eklenir; fakat esas cümledeki özneyle aynı olmalıdır. Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz:
- In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. (Yağmura rağmen, tatilimiz iyi geçti.)
- I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
- She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.
- In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
Despite is the same as in spite of.
Note that >> we say 'in spite of, but despite (without 'of'):
- She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work, (not 'despite of this')
You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...':
In spite of veya despite ifadelerinden sonra cümle getirilecekse "the fact that" ifadesi kullanılmalıdır.
- I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications
- I didn’t get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare in spite of and because of:
Aşağıdaki örneklerde in spite of ve because of arasındaki farkları karşılaştırınız:
- We went out in spite of the rain, (or ...despite the rain.)
- We didn't go out because of the rain.
Compare although and in spite of / despite:
Aşağıdaki örneklerde although, in spite of ve despite arasındaki farkları inceleyiniz.
- Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)
- In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)
I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired.
I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired.